Abandonment and Circularity: An Integrated Model for Disused Defences Systems

Abstract

The decommissioning of public heritage, particularly historic defensive complexes, leads to physical decay, cultural loss, and negative impacts on the environment, social cohesion, and urban safety. This paper proposes a methodological model for the integrated enhancement of such structures, based on multi-scale performance criteria (social utility, environmental quality, public accessibility, maintenance) and aligned with circular economy principles in decision-making and maintenance processes. Tested in Cavallino-Treporti (VE) as part of the Digifort Network project, the model promotes adaptive reuse to transform disused areas into widespread cultural infrastructures with measurable impacts according to shared standards.

The approach combines historical analysis, performance evaluation, and active local community engagement, integrating low-tech/high-impact technologies (such as lightweaving, augmented reality, and site-specific installations) to activate temporary economies and prepare for more complex conservation restorations. Its replicability is validated by European case studies like Matadero Madrid and EXMA Cagliari, highlighting the importance of public-private partnerships and participatory governance.

The model moves beyond fragmented interventions through systemic planning, demonstrating that circular processes optimise resources, reduce decay, and enhance the resilience of historic landscapes. Standardising evaluation metrics is crucial for scaling this approach, as advocated by the European Framework for Action on Cultural Heritage (2018).