C’è una consolazione per gli estranei? Modellare le identità personali alle spese della memoria collettiva, nella prossimità della morte
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.2036-1602/7873Parole chiave:
Sociologia della morte, Memoria collettiva, Patrimonio, Spazi post-laici, SpiritualitàAbstract
In questo articolo, sostengo che gli ambienti tradizionali che regolano la morte non hanno più usi (sacri) complessi a causa di costanti rivalutazioni consapevoli e personali. La ricca cultura materiale europea, in particolare l’eredità religiosa tradizionale, non può “tenere il passo” con tali oscillazioni interiori implicite da una percezione circostanziale e costantemente negoziata di un’autorità divisa della morte. La maggior parte degli europei si è “commutata” verso l’interiorità, verso una spiritualità personalizzata per salvare tutto ciò che può essere salvato dalla tradizione: lo spazio fisico statico di una chiesa. La memoria collettiva del passato diventa patrimonio quando non serve più come zona di comfort. Una percezione altamente soggettiva del tempo, dello spazio, della morte e dei morti, della vita e dell’aldilà rende l’impegno di una persona nel supporto reciproco dell’identità e nella memoria collettiva, rendendo molto più difficile il suo essere nel passato. Forse salutariamente, l’idea stessa di “patrimonio” diventa uno strumento paradossale per l’amnesia collettiva sociale.Riferimenti bibliografici
Asad, Talal, Formations of the Secular: Christiantiy, Islam, Modernity, Stanford UP, Stanford, 2003
Bauman, Zygmunt, Liquid Surveillance: A Conversation, Polity, London, 2012
Bauman, Zygmunt, Liquid Times, Polity, London, 2006
Bechara, Antoine, Damasio, Hanna, Damasio, Antonio R., “Emotion, Decision-making and the Orbitofrontal Cortex”, in Cerebral Cortex, Volume 10, Issue 3, 2000
Beck, Ulrich, Beck-Gernsheim, Elisabeth, Individualization. Institutionalized Individualism and its Social and Political Consequences, Sage, London, 2002
Beck, Ulrich, Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity, Sage, London, 1992
Bellah, Robert, Madsen, Richard, Sullivan, William M., Swidler, Ann, Tipton, Steven M., Habits of the Heart: Individualism and Commitment in American Life, California UP, Berkeley, 2nd ed. 1996
Berger, Peter (ed.), The Desecularization of the World: Resurgent Religion and World Politics, William B. Eerdmans, Grand Rapids, 1999
Berger, Peter, “From the Crisis of Religion to the Crisis of Secularity”, in Douglas, Mary and Tipton, Steven (eds.), Religion and America: Spiritual Life in a Secular Age, Beacon Press, Boston, 1983
Berger, Peter, The Sacred Canopy. Elements of Sociological Theory of Religion, Doubleday, Garden City, 1967
Blackshaw, Tony, “Bauman on Consumerism – Living the Market-Mediated Life”, in Jacobsen, Michael-Hviid, Poder, Poul (eds.), The Sociology of Zygmunt Bauman. Challenges and Critique, Ashgate, London, 2008
Björklund, Fredrika, Svenonius, Ola, Video Surveillance and Social Control in a Comparative Perspective, Routledge, London, 2012
Bodenhamer, David J., Farnsley II, Arthur E. (eds.), Sacred Circles, Public Squares, Indiana UP, Bloomington and Indianapolis, 2004
Boopalan, Sunder John, Memory, Grief, and Agency. A Political Theological Account of Wrong and Rites, Palgrave Macmillan, Cambridge, MA, 2017
Borradori, Giovanna (ed.), Philosophy in a Time of Terror: Dialogues with Jürgen Habermas and Jacques Derrida, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 2003
Brown, Callum, Snape, Michael (eds.), Secularization in the Chirstian World, Ashgate, Farnham, Burlington, 2010
Bruce, Steve, God is Dead: Secularization in the West, Blackwell, Oxford, 2002
Burke, Laurie A., Neimeyer, Robert A., McDevitt-Murphy, Meghan E., Ippolito, Maria R., and Roberts, J. Matthew, “Faith in the Wake of Homicide: Religious Coping and Bereavement Distress in an African American Sample”, in International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, Volume 21, 2011
Burke, Laurie A., Neimeyer, Robert A., “The Inventory of of Complicated Spiritual Grief: Assessing Spiritual Crisis Following Loss”, in Religions, Volume 7, no. 67, 2016
Casanova, José, Public Religions in the Modern World, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1994
Casanova, José, “Rethinking Secularization: A Global Comparative Perspective”, in The Hedgehog Review, Volume 8, Spring-Summer 2006
Casanova, José, “The Secular and Secularisms”, in Social Research, Volume 76, Issue 4, Winter 2009
Clark, David, To comfort always. A history of palliative medicine since the nineteenth century, Oxford UP, Oxford, 2016
Christians, Clifford G., “Ethics and Politics in Qualitative Research”, in Denzin, Norman K. and Lincoln, Yvonna S., The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Research, Sage Publications, London, 2005
Cox, Harvey, The Secular City: Secularization and Urbanization in Theological Perspective, Collier Books, New York,1990
Damasio, Antonio R., Descartes’ Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain, Avon Books, New York, 1994
Damasio, Antonio R., Self Comes to Mind: Constructing the Conscious Brain, Pantheon Books, New York, 2010
Davie, Grace, Religion in Britain since 1945: Believing Without Belonging, Blackwell, Oxford, 1994
Davie, Grace, Heelas, Paul, Woodhead, Linda (eds.), Predicting Religion, Ashgate, Aldershot, 2003
Davie, Grace, “Prospects for Religion in the Modern World”, in The Ecumenical Review, Volume 52, no. 4., 2000
Davie, Grace, Religion in Modern Europe: A Memory Mutates, Oxford UP, Oxford, 2000
Davie, Grace, “Thinking Broadly and Thinking Deeply: Two Examples of the Study of Religion in the Modern World”, in Brown, Callum and Snape, Michael (eds.), Secularization in the Chirstian World, Ashgate, Farnham, Burlington, 2010
Demerath the IIIrd, N. Jay, “The Varieties of Sacred Experience: Finding The Sacred In A Secular Grove”, in Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Volume 39, no. 1, 2000
Demerath the IIIrd, N. Jay, Roof, W. C.,“Religion - Recent Strands in Research”, in Annual Review of Sociology, Volume 2, 1976
Derrida, Jacques, “Autonomy, Real and Symbolic Suicides”, in Borradori, Giovanna (ed.), Philosophy in a Time of Terror: Dialogues with Jürgen Habermas and Jacques Derrida, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 2003
Doyle, Derek, Hanks, Geoffrey, Cherny, Nathan, Calman, Kenneth, Oxford Textbook of Palliative Medicine, Oxford UP, Oxford, 1993
Dunkelman, Marc J., “Next-Door Strangers: The Crisis of Urban Anonimity”, in The Hedgehog Review. Critical Reflections on Contemporary Culture, Volume 19, no. 2, Summer 2017
Eliade, Mircea, Le sacré et le profane, Gallimard, Paris, 1965
Fromm, Erich, The Sane Society, Routledge, London and New York, 1991
Gauchet, Marcel, Le désenchantement du monde, Gallimard, Paris, 1985
Gawande, Attul, Being Mortal: Illness, Medicine and What Matters in the End, Profile Books and Wellcome Collection, London, 2014
Gorski, Philip, Kyuman Kim, David, Torpey, John, VanAntwerpen, Jonathan, (eds.), The Post-Secular in Question. Religion in Contemporary Society, Social Sciences Research Council, New York UP, New York and London, 2012
Guest, Matthew, Arweck, Elisabeth (eds.), Religion and Knowledge. Sociological Perspectives, Ashgate, Farnham, Burlington, 2012
Habermas, Jurgen, “Notes on Post-Secular Society”, in New Perspectives Quarterly, Volume 25, Issue 4, 2008
Hartig, Kate, Dunn, Kevin, “Roadside memorials: interpreting new deathscapes in Newcastle, New South Wales”, Australian Geographical Studies, Volume 36, Issue 1, 1998
Heelas, Paul, Spiritualities of life: New age romanticism and consumptive capitalism, Blackwell, Oxford, 2008
Hervieu-Léger, Danielle, La religion en mouvement: le pèlerin et le converti, Paris, Flammarion, 1999
Hervieu-Léger, Danielle, Religion as a chain of memory, trans. by S. Lee, Rutgers, New Brunswick, 2000
Hervieu-Léger, Danielle, “The role of Religion in Establishing Social Cohesion”, in Michalski, Krzysztof (ed.), Religion in the New Europe, Budapest, Central European UP, Budapest, 2006
Hervieu-Léger, Danielle, “The twofold limit of the notion of secularization”, in Woodhead, Linda, Heelas, Paul, Martin, David (eds.), Peter Berger and the Study of Religion, Routledge, London, 2001
Hervieu-Léger, Danielle, “Sortie De la Religion et Recours a la Transcendance”, in French Politics, Culture and Society, Volume 20, no. 3, 2002
Husserl, Edmunt, Carthesian Meditations. An Introduction to Phenomenology, Springer Nertherlands,1950/1999
James, William, The Varieties of Religious Experience. A Study in Human Nature in Writings 1902–1910, Penguin Group, New York, 1988
Kellehear, Allan, A social history of dying, Cambridge UP, Cambridge, 2007
Kellehear, Allan, Compassionate Cities: Public Health and End-of-Life Care, Routledge, London, 2005
Kübler-Ross, Elisabeth, On Death and Dying, Tavistock, London, 1970
Leichter, David J., “Collective identity and collective memory in the philosophy of Paul Ricœur”, in Etudes Ricœuriennes, Volume 3, no. 1, 2012
Levinas, Emmanuel, God, Death, and Time, tr. by Bettina Bergo, Stanford UP, Stanford, 2000
Lichtenthal, Wendy G., Burke, Laurie A., Neimeyer, Robert A., “Religious Coping and Meaning-making following the Loss of a Loved One”, in Counseling and Spirituality, no. 30, 2011
Luckmann, Thomas, “The New and the Old in Religion”, in Bourdieu, Pierre, Coleman, James S. (eds.), Social Theory for a Changing Society, Westview Press, Boulder, 1991
May, Rollo, The Meaning of Anxiety, The Ronald Press Company, New York, 1950
Milbank, John, “A Closer Walk on the Wild Side”, in Warner, Michael, VanAtwerpen, Johnatan, Calhoun, Craig J. (eds.), Varieties of Secularism in a Secular Age, Harvard UP, Cambridge MA, London, 2010
Milbank, John, Beyond Secular Order. The Representation of Being and the Representation of the People, Wiley Blackwell, West Sussex, 2013
Martin, David, A General Theory of Secularization, Harper & Row, New York, 1978
Neimeyer, Robert A., Raskin, Johnatan D. (eds.), Constructions of Disorder. Meaning making frameworks for Psychotherapy, American Psychological Association, Washington DC, 2000
Neimeyer, Robert A., Lessons of loss: A guide of coping, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1998
Neimeyer, Robert A., “Searching for the meaning of meaning: grief therapy and the process of reconstruction”, in Death Studies, Volume 24, Issue 6, 2000
Norris, Pippa, Inglehart, Ronald, Sacred and Secular: Religion and Politics Worldwide, Cambridge UP, Cambridge, 2004
Nyhagen, Line, Halsaa, Beatrice, “Religious Identities and Meaning-making”, in Religion, Gender and Citizenship. Citizenship, Gender and Diversity. Palgrave Macmillan, London, 2016
Otto, Rudolf, The Idea of the Holy, Oxford UP, Oxford, 1958
Pargament, Kenneth I., Park, C. L., “Merely a defense? The variety of religious means and ends”, in Journal of Social Issues, Volume 51, no. 2, 1995
Pargament, Kenneth I., The Psychology of Religion and Coping: Theory, Research, Practice, New York, Guilford Press, 1997
Petersson, Anna, Sandin, Gunnar, Liljas, Maria, “Room of Silence: an explorative investigation of design students’ redesign of an arena for reflection and existential meaning-making”, in Mortality, Volume 21, no. 2, 2016
Pickstock, Catherine, Repetition and Identity, Oxford UP, Oxford, 2013
Pyszczynski, Thomas, Solomon, Sheldon, Greenberg, Jeff, In the Wake of 9/11. The Psychology of Terror, American Psychological Association, Washington DC, 2002
Pyszczynski, Thomas, Solomon, Sheldon, Greenberg, Jeff, The Worm at the Core. On the Role of Death in Life, Random House, New York, 2015
Ricœur, Paul, Memoria, istoria, uitarea, Amarcord, Timisoara, 2000
Rugg, Julie, “Defining the place of burial: what makes a cemetery a cemetery?”, in Mortality, Volume 5, Issue 3, 2010
Santino, Jack (ed.), Spontaneous shrines and the public memorialization of death, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, 2006
Seale, Clive, Constructing death: The sociology of dying and bereavement. Cambridge UP, Cambridge, 1998
Smith, James K. A. See How (Not) To be Secular, William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, Grand Rapids, 2014
Stroebe, Margaret S., Hansson, Robert O., Schut, Henk, Stroebe, Wolfgang (eds.) Handbook of Bereavement Research and Practice, American Psychological Association, Washington, 2008
Stark, Rodney, Bainbridge, William S., The Future of Religion, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1985
Tacey, David, The spirituality revolution: The emergence of contemporary spirituality, Brunner-Routledge, New York, 2004
Taylor, Charles, A Secular Age, Harvard UP, Harvard, 2007
Taylor, Charles, Varieties of Religion Today. William James Revisited, Harvard UP, Cambridge, MA, London, 2002
Toplean, Adela, “Crossroads Between Modern Death And The Secular Sacred”, in Religionssociologi i brytningstider - En vänbok till Curt Dahlgren, Lunds Universitet, Lund, 2009
Toplean, Adela, “Der Tod und das Heilige - Zwischen Geheimnis und Theorie”, in Gnostika, March 2010, Aug 2010, no. 44, 45, Teil 1 & 2
Toplean, Adela, “How Sacred is Secular Death? And Just How Secular Can Sacred Death Be? A Theoretical Proposal”, in Rotar, Marius and Teodorescu, Adriana (eds.), Dying and Death in 8th-21st Century Europe, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, Newcastle upon Tyne, 2011
Toplean, Adela, Moartea modernă între poetică și tanatologie. Repere suedeze, accente românești, Editura UB, Bucuresti, 2016
Toplean, Adela, “On Personal Ways of Dying. New Troubles, Old Means”, in Svensk Teologisk Kvartalskrift, årg. 83, 2007
Toplean, Adela, “The Dynamics of Contemporary Western Death Trends - As a Matter of Taste, Circumstance, And Tradition”, in Rotar, Marius, Teodorescu, Adriana, Rotar, Corina (eds.), Dying and Death in 8th-21st Century, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, Newcastle upon Tyne, 2014
Toplean, Adela, “The impact of secularization and spiritualization on death meanings and practices, among contemporary Romanians” to be published in New Europe College Yearbook
Toplean, Adela, “To resist or to embrace social death?”, in Walter, Tony and Kralova, Jana (eds.), Social Death. Questioning the Life-Death Boundary, Routledge, London, 2016
Toplean, Adela, “When All Communication Breaks. Towards a Socioogical Understanding of Religious Commitment and Interpersonal Behaviour, in a Multicultural Society”, conference proceedings volume in preparation for 2018, University of Bucharest Press, Bucharest
Voas, David, Day, Abby, “Recognizing secular Christians: Toward an unexcluded middle in the study of religion”, in The Association of Religion Data Archives, 2010, Retrieved from http://www.thearda.com/rrh/papers/ guidingpapers/Voas.pdf accessed on November 23 2017
Voas, David, “The Rise and Fall of Fuzzy Fidelity in Europe”, in European Sociological Review, Volume 25, no. 2, 2009
Walter, Tony, “Facing Death Without Tradition”, in Howarth, Glennys, Jupp, Peter C. (eds.) Contemporary Issues in the Sociology of Death, Dying and Disposal, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, 1996
Walter, Tony, On bereavement: the culture of grief, Open University Press, Buckingham, Taylor & Francis, Philadelphia, 1999
Walter, Tony, The revival of death, Routledge , London, 1994
Walter, Tony, “Why different countries manage death differently: A comparative analysis of modern urban societies”, in British Journal of Sociology, Volume 63, no. 1, 2012
Woodhead, Linda, Heelas, Paul, Martin, David (eds.), Peter Berger and the Study of Religion, Routledge, London, 2001
Wyschogrod, Edith, Crossover Queries: Dwelling with Negatives, Embodying Philosophy’s Others, Fordham UP, New York, 2006
Wyschogrod, Edith, Saints and Postmodernism. Revisioning Moral Philosophy, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London, 1990
Downloads
Pubblicato
Come citare
Fascicolo
Sezione
Licenza
Copyright (c) 2018 Adela Toplean
I diritti d'autore e di pubblicazione di tutti i testi pubblicati dalla rivista appartengono ai rispettivi autori senza alcuna restrizione.
Questa rivista è distribuita con licenza Creative Commons Attribuzione - Non commerciale 4.0 Internazionale (licenza completa).
Vedere anche la nostra Open Access Policy.
Metadati
Tutti i metadati dei materiali pubblicati sono rilasciati in pubblico dominio e possono essere utilizzati da ognuno per qualsiasi scopo. Questi includono i riferimenti bibliografici.
I metadati – riferimenti bibliografici inclusi – possono essere riutilizzati in qualsiasi formato senza ulteriori autorizzazioni, incluso per scopo di lucro. Chiediamo cortesemente agli utenti di includere un collegamento ai metadati originali.
